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Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]

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有没有那样一个地方，让你一遍又一遍地向往？有没有那样一个地方，让你去之不得便夜不能寐、食不甘味？有没有那样一个地方，让你心甘情愿挥霍全部任性，拿出所有勇气，无惧任何艰险地来到她的身旁？——有的，天堂湖！——乌孙古道中的阿克库勒湖。那是怎样耀眼的一抹蓝色，明亮、妩媚、灵动、脉脉含情……只需一眼，便完全被打动，就此沦陷、不可自拔一弯思念已久的情人，一夜无法清醒的爱意来到她的面前，山巅稀薄清冷的空气中，只剩下怦然心动和无尽的怜爱任我是三千年的成长，人世间中流浪，我也会仔仔细细，找寻你几个世纪，在生命轮回中找到你……只愿一生一世，山水为伴=========================装备清单及前半程慕士塔格冰川游记稍后奉上装备清单见167楼行程：7月13日飞抵乌鲁木齐7月14日库车集合，包车往黑英山受当地政府阻拦，连夜赶往喀什，住阿合奇7月15日游苏木塔什乡，到喀什办边防证，游白沙湖，住喀拉库勒湖边7月16日游慕士塔格四号冰川，在徒步前往三号冰川路上遇暴风雪下撤，住喀湖边7月17日游白沙湖，返回喀什，告别队友，独自夜班卧铺汽车回库车，住车上7月18日绕道进乌孙古道，住达板下海拔3200牧民小石屋7月19日游天堂湖，住湖边，遇大雪冰雹7月20日住天堂湖边，下了一整天的雪，傍晚转为大雨，无法返程7月21日下撤至距离沟口8公里处，遇洪水被困山中，草地扎营7月22日趴在马背上抓着马脖子在洪水中漂出沟口，返回库车，半夜飞机到乌市7月23日乌鲁木齐飞回司机库车唐师傅15352563651（7座金杯）会少量维语,人很好天堂全景Big Agnes Fly Creek UL 1比格尼斯飞溪单人帐，带包装和地钉仅重0.85kg。天堂暮色此景只应天上有，人间难得几回闻清清的湖水荡漾着着无尽娇媚细碎的鳞鳞波光湖中闪耀，旷世美景柔情似水惹人心醉天堂湖二湖，流淌着翡翠般的色彩。远处欢腾奔放的瀑布，钳在莽莽山岩间竟然显得渺小第三次来新疆，我的内心依旧火热沸腾，渴望着再一次的心醉。初见天堂，心中的喜悦难以言表深邃、清澈、平静，摄人心魄为这次乌孙之行做了无数功课，准备了半年有余。最终5人的队伍被无良的政府阻拦于黑英山乡。为首的黑英山政府书记张伟唆使政法委书记以山上危险为由，对我们加以阻拦，并要求我们开具旅游证明才让上山，而那张证明（据村民说被称作投资考察证明）需要少则五千，多则上万元的疏通费用。奉劝各位驴友，进出黑英山时务必要低调，切不可在乡里买瓜、吃饭、问路、询价。我们就是在加油站边的餐厅吃饭时因为穿着打扮过于明显而被政府传召的。村民说，书记还对他们还扬言“我没吃饱你们吃什么”，罢明了要宰游客的钱，去年有5人从黑英山进乌孙就是被收了高额费用，据说书记当时还假腥腥地派铲车去铲了半小时路，以此为名收的天价。7月14日我们一行五人被拦于黑英山后，沟口被封守，无法进入，大家启用后备路线，转战慕士塔格峰冰川。而我，在慕峰之下，夜夜无法安睡，心里想的念的，都是天堂湖。于是，7月17日下午，连夜赶回库车，于日出时分，独自包车绕道潜入黑英山，骑马20多公里穿越草原河谷，避开牧场和公社，偷偷来到沟口。作为中华人民共和国的合法公民，我们在自己祖国的土地上行走，凭啥阻拦？？！！天理何在！！王法何在？！！不想详述当时被阻情景，总之让人很恼火。咱把正回到美景上。天堂湖南岸，波平如镜，碧色连天。独行乌孙，最大的遗憾就是没有人能帮忙拍照，大部分时候把相机架在湖边的石头上，对焦到人站的草地附近，然后开10秒延时自拍，或者请牧民帮忙拍照。古老、纯洁、千年如一的湖水，清透见底。山峦伟岸，静伫在湖畔守护着沧海桑田。深深浅浅的蓝色，闪烁着公主般高贵的光芒凡是亲眼见到这样的湖水，亲身来到这外世外桃源，无不为之打动，此生难忘。对天堂湖的照片一见钟情不可自拔，而今终于站在这个心心念念了许久的地方，历经无数变故和艰险，浮燥的心在面对着这面湖水时，只有沉静。微风轻舞吹皱了湖水，也吹皱了思念渴望有人能陪我万水千山的行走然而，终究，还是孤孤单单，独自上路曾经说过的琼库什台看花数星星、天山采雪莲登冰川，如今只有我一人执著的回来。明媚的山水，有没有被惊艳到？那片蓝在心里挥之不去坐在湖边的栈道上，再一次被水色惊艳栈道悬崖边的小花，开在无人的角落里阳光折射进湖水，仿佛仙境一般，美得让人忘记了呼吸沿山开凿的崎岖栈道，据说是西汉末年乌孙国公主远嫁年轻的龟兹国王时打通的。牧民说他已经在这条道上行走了十多年，不然我还以为这是近几年刚修的好路呢。另外，沿着湖的东面山凹上也有一条更陡更快捷的马道承载着千年风雨的栈道波光璀璨，像上帝凝视他永远爱着的人的目光，闪烁着悠闲与淡定碧水清风，湖畔留连阳光洒落，任微风抚过长发，完完全全陶醉在这片天堂的蓝色之中栈道全景在大自然面前，人类开凿的栈道只是阳光下渺小一小段沟壑，这张全景拼接得不太好，忘记开手动暴光了栈道的北端，是被雪水冲刷成的一片梦幻沙滩实在太美！！这片沙滩非常宽阔，画面左边的马和牛都只是沙滩上的一个小点而已碧波银沙，绝不逊色于任何海滩栈道和沙滩水清滩平，虽非一望无垠，但秀气端庄回望那片沙滩和浅湾，微风环绕，绵长的蓝绿水色美丽至极微风轻拂天堂湾，白浪逐沙滩，没有椰林缀夕阳，只是一片水蓝蓝…刚到湖西草地，天气开始转阴没有阳光，湖水依然一片碧蓝湖的北面是陡峻的草坡，夹杂着散落的岩石，很难搭建营地栈道上方披雪的山峰，像一位坚毅忠诚的将军，守护着公主般的湖水天堂湖西北角全景碧草如茵，优美的湖光山色天堂湖犹如一颗镶嵌在天山上的蓝宝石熠熠放光水光涟滟、绿意盈绕处处透着灵气和脉脉温情，清洌，傲然那抹动人的蓝哟我把行李卸到湖边的一处岩石旁，坐在湖边发呆，草地上鲜花盛静静盛放，点缀着美丽没有阳光也依旧美得倾国倾城我搬来湖边散落的白石头，亲手在草地上拼了“天堂”两个字。营地远景，帐蓬像湖边沐浴着清风的一个精灵帐蓬特写防风性能比想像中要好很多，一共有11枚地钉，我只打了9枚，帐侧高处的防风绳没有拉地钉门厅略小，放鞋子可以，放包就不太方便了，一般我把包扔进帐蓬里帐蓬高度偏低，换衣服很累外帐其实是绿色的，白天完全看不出来吧？因为外帐实在太薄了，薄到透明，所以现在看到的其实是内帐的颜色BA的帐蓬虽超轻超薄，但异常坚固，晚上遇冰雹和大雪都安然无事，第二天起床时我曾一度担心帐蓬被雪压塌，9枚地钉将外帐紧紧拉开，半夜呼啸的狂风也没对我造成太大影响。比起MSR的HABBA单人帐来说，这个帐蓬在风中的声音要安静得多我在帐蓬里换了一身长裙，请住在湖边小石屋里放羊的牧民帮忙拍了几张照片。每个女孩子都有着白裙花环的幻想纯白飘逸的感觉令人迷恋几条长裙之中最喜欢这种散洒开来的下摆原照片，天气比较阴沉请允许我把天空刷成蓝色…… 喜欢风吹过的感觉此时的空中已起飘起夹杂着冰粒的细雨白湖相伴，不羡鸳鸯不羡仙（天堂湖又名阿克库勒湖，维语中的“白湖”与慕士塔格峰下的喀拉库勒湖“黑湖”相对）天堂胜境，我自逍遥我自仙快乐地转圈：）飘然欲仙，不知在人间眼看大雨将至，我把营地移到岩石边相对更加平整的草地上。雨中天堂湖羊群在牧羊犬的驱遂下，往石屋边的圈地里回奔羊儿在这里度过一年中最美好的季节，当草木枯黄时，它们结群下山寂静的天堂湖刚才还那么明媚鲜花遍野山坡上看天堂山坡上的全景像一幅画卷可以永久地悬挂于心间想起一句歌词：“我愿做一只小羊跟在她身旁”小石屋的东面，有一尊长得像孔雀似的岩石全景营地全景湖边的羊群回到营地时，帐蓬周围围了好多羊入夜在湖边被大雪困了两夜之后，还是决定冒雪下山，山里手机没有信号，再不跟外界联系，我怕队友报警。。。当时天气很阴沉，云层压得非常低海拔3800M的达板顶部积雪30CM，没过了小腿，异常难走。我没带雪套，腿上绑的是骑马用的护腿。1、包类登山包：花岗岩光环子午线3800（Granite Gear Nimbus Access FZ3800）62L的背包自重1.6KG。背负贴身。1700元小包：强氧D6钻石腰包。6L，此腰包最大好处是刚好可以放下单反，并且能直接挂于登山包的腰带上。也购有强氧的摄影包，但摄影包挂于胸前不太方便，另外就是摄影包挂在大包肩带上之后造成对肩部的压迫会不舒服。208元防水袋：2个，OR的15L防水袋，90元。尖峰XL（25L）防水袋，45元。尖峰的比OR要轻许多，推荐。25L的放衣服，15L的放睡袋。外挂包：AXEMAN埃斯曼中号外挂包2个，挂于登山包侧，用于装鞋子或食品。18元。收纳包：4个防泼水超轻收内袋，6-8元。2、露营装备帐蓬：比格尼斯飞溪单人帐（Big agnes Fly Creek UL 1），2000元。地布定制，超轻双面涂硅110元。恶劣的天气环境下，一顶好帐蓬尤为重要，经受了风雪和冰雹考验。防潮垫：voca joy 超轻XPE菱形发泡垫。强烈建议用发泡垫，搓板垫，蛋槽垫。忌用充气垫，气垫在高海拔地区基本就是贴着地睡了。睡袋：黑冰G700白鹅绒，重量1010g,舒适温-10到0度。888元，七月份上山建议温-5度以下。3、衣裤冲锋衣裤：雪狼漂游人冲锋衣300元，雪狼两层半开冲锋裤240元。因为在浙江山区行走，衣裤经常被挂破磨破，雪狼的透气性比较好，性价比高。速干衣裤：凯乐石速干衣2件，200元左右。凯乐石两截可拆速干裤250元，SLMcreora弹性速干裤189元。抓绒衣：凯乐石抓绒衣内衣裤：三套手套：防滑网眼透气手套 25元骑马护腿：恰普斯骑马护腿，68元。泳衣：白色比基尼裙子：木木家精致花朵及踝雪纺长裙4、鞋袜登山鞋：低帮Vasque（威斯） Talus Gore-Tex.XCR 山地跑鞋，500元。本来想带HANWAG Forest GTX 重装穿越鞋的，结果以为七月山上没雪，就带了轻便的徒步鞋，失误啊。溯溪鞋：哥伦比亚溯溪鞋，900元。营地拖鞋：薄底沙滩人字拖，2元袜子：美利奴羊毛袜，35元；山寨TNF的COOLMAX棉袜，8元；Bridgedale ENDURANCE SUMMIT羊毛袜，100元；Bridgedale TREKker 90元。在过水的时候，美利奴羊毛袜全湿不冷，棉袜湿了非常冷，冻脚。护膝：LP 788 CA 一对200左右。冰爪：八齿简易冰爪，35元5、防晒遮阳帽：Nike夏季透气帽，200元防晒霜：薇姿SPF50，PA+++防晒霜，278元。防晒唇膏：曼秀雷敦男士防晒SPF30，30元墨镜：MAVIS女款太阳镜MS8013-16、炊具：套锅：步林BL200-C7单人套锅，70元炉头：火枫FMS-116T超轻钛炉，48g，116元。稳定性太差，烧羊肉汤时因搅拌不小心而打翻。挡风板：火枫FMW-503，短式板。其实这个板适用于分体式炉头，太短。35元筷子：可拆两截铝筷水盆：LZ 户外超轻折叠洗脸盆，70g，10L。28元6、杂项营灯：山瑞C3营灯，可当手电，100元登山杖：交给队友带回。水杯：铝水壶一只，饮料一瓶（路上某女村民送的）乌孙一路上全部有水源。个人卫生用品：一次性毛巾，牙刷，牙刷套，抽式餐厅纸。相机：尼康D300，镜头16-85。电池四块，CF卡三张，32G，4G，4G全部为高速卡。GPS：Garmin venture CX（梦中人提供）地图：磨坊大宝的乌孙等高线图，彩色打印出来7、药品维生素，21金维它，维C藿香正气丸消炎药止泻药感冒药创口贴姜粉还有队友临行前塞给我的好多药8、食品不记得了，很多馕，队友们塞给我的罐头、榨菜、黄瓜萝卜零食等。果珍一袋，非常有必要。各种调料，胡椒粉拿来驱狗的，白糖很有用，在山上只想喝糖水。羊肉和米饭是驻扎在山上的牧民主动给的背包重量14.7KG，这是飞机托运时称的，不包括食物和水。腰包和相机手机GPS电池等重3KG左右。([]

午夜寻花在线播放

王智凯

记：孟克德古道啊！半年前就开始计划6.1走一次，随着时间慢慢的临近，心里莫名的激动。此路线为什么会吸引我呢，孟克德古道会穿越苦杨林，天湖，翻雪山达坂，有美丽的、铺满鲜花的草原，一路上风景如画，新疆的各种美景都尽收眼底。回来后由于工作生活原因，作业一直拖到现在才写，（不好意思啊！高队，81，83~）接下来请大家随着我的照片，来一场身临其境的孟克德之行吧！（好矫情，哈哈！）天湖的早晨苦杨翻越门克廷达坂唐古拉草原的花海唐古拉草原门克廷达坂下的花线路简介　孟克德古道位于中天山博罗科努山的最东段，最高峰4590米，在其北坡孕育有古尔图河，奎屯河；在其南坡是喀什河水系的重要补给水源，并且有“千里画廊”美誉的唐布拉百里旅游区，也是奎屯和尼勒克县的分界山脉。其门克廷达坂海拔为3945米，为依连哈比尔尕山最高达坂之一，常年积雪，气候变化无常，道路险峻，达坂附近常有雪豹等珍稀野生动物出没。此行是由北向南跨越博罗科努山，以奎屯河和孟克德河谷为穿越线路。自然风光孟克德湖：伊犁州境内因自然地质灾害形成的高山湖泊之一，海拔2808米，成梯形状。大约在十九世纪末时，尼勒克境内依连哈比尔尕山范围内发生了强烈地震，地震导致山体滑坡、碎石滚落，促使孟克德沟谷内两座山之间狭小的空隙堵塞，从此常年积雨水而形成的地质灾害湖。天湖（乌兰萨德克湖）：海拔2320米，暂无资料记载。该湖两边为海拔在3500米以上的高山，湖面面积较大，湖泊内多为枯木，显现出该湖的诡异。奎屯河：奎屯河为依连哈比尔尕山中段北侧积雪融化而形成，水量较大且波涛汹涌，河床内多巨石，河谷内生长着大量的苦杨，秋季金黄一片，与湖水和河水相衬，景色异常壮美。独库公路：独库公路深入天山腹地，纵贯天山南北，一半以上的道路都在崇山峻岭、深山峡谷中穿过，很多地段都是“猿猴欲度愁攀援”的飞绝险境。独库公路全程需要翻过4个海拔3000米以上、常年积雪的达坂，跨越5条险恶的河流，穿过3条高山隧道。第一天：（老天爷给我们下马威！）行程：217国道（625公里处）与奎屯河交汇处—乌兰萨德克河谷—海拔2150米处的苦杨林，徒步8公里。早上8点，从乌鲁木齐出发，结果天开始下雨，哎，老天爷不结力啊！后面几天不会还要下雨吧，（事实证明了我的猜想）车开至独山子，美美地吃了顿新疆大盘鸡，后面几天可是吃不到这么爽的肉肉了啊，可要吃好，哈哈。车出独山子，开上了独库公路，这里有点小插曲，警察叔叔一开始不让我们过去，后面我们好好给作了下工作，说明了我们的来意，终于才放行，车顺着独库公路一直向上爬升，终于到了徒步起点，独库公路625公里处。大家整理好装备就出发了，队员们都很兴奋。从独库公路边上下去，下到奎屯河边，走过一座小桥，前行一公里，发现前面的路石塌方，原本要向前斜插的路因为前几天下了几场大雨，经过雨水的冲刷，大量的碎石塌方把原本就很难通过的路整个掩埋掉，根本不能通过。没办法，我们只能另外择路，下到山脚下，再沿着河边走，绕过塌方路段，再爬到老217国道，这段塌方的路很难爬，坡度很陡，并且全是碎石子，脚每向上踏出一步，身体就要向下滑两步，到最后我们都手脚并用往上爬了，经过艰难的爬行，大家都气喘吁吁，这才是第一天啊，老天爷给我们这个下马威太狠了！爬这个坡感觉体力都要透支了！继续前行，穿过一片苦杨林，终于到达了今天的营地，扎营吃饭，睡觉。出发前的合影，现在大家都是白白净净的，五天后就变成野人了，哈哈。这里介绍一下队员们：左一：走8户外领队高纯度，著名户外领队，爱好摄影，抽烟，还有美女（哈哈），这里公布下他的户外群：273652461。PS：就是他忽悠我带三脚架的！。左二：本尊我啦，喜欢户外，喜欢走路。目是走完新疆所有长线！左三：网名不在，话不多，一般都闷头走路，个子虽小但毅力惊人！小小的身体内有很大的小宇宙。我们都叫她83，至于为什么呢，因为我们都是81,82,83年的，叫起来顺口！左四：网名 1981，和前面的83都是浙江来的！也是心仪孟克德古道的美景已久哈，81和我一样都是装备控啊，喜欢研究户外装备，所以我们很有共同话！第一座桥，从这里进去乌兰萨德山谷。前面的斜切路由于下大雨，碎石塌方导致无法通行。现在我们只能选择下到河谷（后面几天都会遇到这种情况）。下到河谷去，这是我们遇到的前面一支队伍，后面几天都会遇到，是来自当地（奎屯地区）的队伍。我们要下到河边，然后穿过塌方地区，再爬上来，想想都累啊！小伙伴们都小心翼翼的从河边走路不好走啊，石头很滑在顺着这个碎石斜坡爬上来，老天爷真是折磨人！今天强度不大，再走大约5公里就到营地了。这就是今天的营地了第二天：（目：天湖！）行程：海拔2150米处的苦杨林—天湖，徒步10公里。昨晚账篷外各种声响，让本来就睡觉不沉的我受尽折磨，老觉得外面有东西，早上七点，我拉开帐蓬，天已经亮了，反正我也睡不着，干脆起床吧！便开始起床收拾了（哎劳碌命），过了半小时，大家陆续睡来，这时候第一缕晨光，透过山谷，慢慢地洒向我们的营地，吃完早饭，开始出发！今天的目是前往直线距离15公里外的天湖！首先我们走进了一片美丽的苦杨林，这时阳光洒在我们身后，行走在这美丽的树林，感觉心情也格外的美丽！我们继续沿着老217国道前行，有部分路段因为塌方，滑落的碎石把路掩埋，我们只能下到下面的河谷，越过一条条小溪往前走，一路沿着缓坡上行，我们走到乌兰萨德克沟北岸，在我们的左手边，是一片片苦杨林，生长在沟底，这里的风光简直美不胜收，穿过这条沟，我们便到了今天的目的地：天湖，这个时节的天湖，可能是因为季节性的因素，水位下降很多，以前能看到的美景，因为水位下降的原因，只剩下一片枯死的苦杨，这更加加深了这片苦杨的悲壮沧桑，每一棵死去的苦杨，历经了多少年的岁月，依然伫立在天湖干枯的河床之上，让我们不得不佩服大自然的神奇魔力。太阳要出来了！第一缕晨光照进营地！我们的营地即将沐浴在晨光之中！在苦杨林间穿行。今天天气很好！([]

日韩精品一区二区三区四区蜜桃

黄士荣

在8264潜水多年，发过帖子，但都是提问帖，寻求帮助的。这次发一个关于清迈的分享帖。我7月份在清迈赖了半个月，从下面几个方面和大家分享一下赖在那的日子。都是原片，真实再现。希望我能把楼盖完，这个帖子不会烂尾清迈·街拍（39楼，在清迈取现和换汇）清迈·信仰（68楼开始）清迈·夜市（115楼“夜市·小吃”、193楼“夜市·人物”）8264驴·游清迈（225楼）泰北·Pai（250楼开始、286楼粉红主木屋旅馆）清迈·火车站（305楼）、大学（316楼）、双龙寺（321楼）清迈·市场walolo（338楼开始）、Airport Plaza（429楼）清迈·吃（474楼）清迈·住（607楼青旅“little bird”）清迈·店里的手工艺品（665楼）曼谷·terminal 21厕所专（724楼）文字攻略篇（781楼）清迈印象：这是在清迈长康路附近的鲜花市场拍的。清迈地图：看到清迈的第一眼第一晚住的地方（合RMB170，含早餐）后面会对此行住的地方做个总结。清迈的主要交通工具图解：1、最上面的是双条车。清迈的双条车分为六个颜色（红、白、绿、黄、蓝、橘）。红色是随招随停的（20泰铢起），与司机沟通好目的地和价钱，下车付费。另外五种颜色的则行驶固定的路线；2、右下角的是“dudu”40泰铢起，也是随招随停；3、自行车租一天也就50B（合RMB10），“一天”的概念就是24小时；4、老外们通常喜欢租摩托车，这样远近都可以去了。接下来发些街拍照片，都是原片，大家自己找感觉吧在清迈的日子，总能“转角遇上花”。在泰国绕不开的就是寺庙和僧人。后面会有一个寺庙的专很喜欢每家门前的信箱，后面会有一个专几乎每家每户都供养着佛，每天都要拜一拜的：）来点本土的哈几乎每家都会挂的。。。普通的市场，后面会有一个walolo专。先盖到这。。。银行都以颜色区分，持中国的借记卡可以在支持中国银联的ATM机上直接取钱。以下都是可以直接取现的银行：Bangkok Bank（曼谷银行，橙色）KASIkom Bank（泰华农民银行，绿色）TMB（泰国军人银行，蓝红相间）UOB（大华银行）Siam City Bank（泰国城市银行，红色）Siam Commercial Bank（泰国商业银行，紫色）关于取现手续费：泰国的银行，每取一笔，手续费是150B。国内银行手续费一般是取现金额1%+12元。关于换汇，我个人认为可以在国内换好，或在清迈的superrich拿人民币换（美元就更好了），换汇都不错的。我给大家上一个我的工行卡明细截图，能直观体现在清迈ATM取现的费用艺术中心，拿护照去可有免费的中文讲解。在交通高峰期，会有交警给到寺庙参观的游客的车开道哈。([]

亚洲国产成人精品无码区2022

吴刚睿

从在AA相约里发了帖子约人一起墨脱之后便开始着手准备着这次出行很可惜因为自己假期的变动最后是一人前往拉萨沿途风景很不错，，平原雪山河流湖泊藏羚羊牦牛狐狸大鸟（我不知道品种就叫大鸟啦~~~）还有火车路过便敬礼的可爱军人，，，路过一个站台时那地儿我记得非常冷风很大火车正准备加速我看到铁路旁一位正敬礼的军人下意识的向他挥手不想他用没有敬礼的另一只手也向我挥手，，，惊喜油然冒出~~~10月3号傍晚到了拉萨的士20元一人直接去了东措国际青年旅舍前台问床位跟美女提了点要求要女生比较多的房美女直接回三人间可不可以有个三人间已经两位女生。50元运气不错马上搬东西歇进去了顺便问了下边防证给了身份证100元说一天能办下不过国庆节期间不一定能办。10月4号早上九点多起来准备对付个早饭先刚出旅舍接到电话边防证办不了开介绍信的不上班，，郁闷吃了个粉接到一起穿越过的一驴友电话他也“措”回了拉萨约好地点几个人一起晃了拉萨一天其中一位驴友刚墨脱反穿过来的得了不少经验，，，10月5号起早打电话给在贴条上联系的两位墨脱的美女确定了她们想等两天边防证我一人打的去了东郊汽车站 10元买了去八一商务车的票140期期艾艾终于开车了拉萨下雨了我心想这天气怕是赶不上八一去派镇下午2点半的班车了到了八一3点问个路直接走向派镇方向来车便伸手拦终于是拦到了一去八一机场方向的车到了地方才知道是一出租的给了20元下车继续走向派镇经过一村庄藏族小伙向我打招呼 HELLO 你一个人啊？答是啊，一个人你怕不怕啊？答人民是友好的！笑~~~~答完自己也觉得挺搞笑继续走继续拦车一越野停下了我问去派镇么？他问你知道雅鲁藏布大峡谷怎么走么？原来是想找一认方向的我说不知道你能不能把我载到有岔路的地方放下？（一直到派镇都没有岔路的，，嘿嘿）不想那人便说不好意思不方便汗~~回去画个圈圈诅咒你... 继续走继续拦车拦着一车50元到了派镇打了电话给兄弟客栈的何姐（何姐那得到信息很多驴友们去了派镇可以联系她：13989949665）本来想叫何姐帮忙逃票没想到我运气这么差同车的一女的居然就是旅游公司的回想一下一路上说的话...抱怨门票买的非常冤枉逃票很难，，，抱头自省住进兄弟客栈35住宿 20晚饭 10元早饭条件经过之后几天的住宿比较一下很好！10月6号早上何姐帮忙问了车子没人走只有我和另一个上海男生两个人走墨脱所以没有翻斗车去松林口上海的章鱼哥走得比我快在松林口之前我们就开始各走各的了一路上都是石头慢慢的就开始看到雪了然后遇到了返回的背夫问问还有多远，，继续走恰好在1点半走过山口走着走着突然发现找不着路了左看右看都不像有路，，，想想找了一高点爬上去往下一看一二十米下的地方看到了路想想不去找路了那是一个苔藓长满石头的小山包苔藓我看长得挺长的应该不滑了就直接下吧下到路上心踏实了一路下山都是石头不小心的脚脖子还是扭了很多下（穿的低帮鞋) 快到拉格的时候突然发现高山流水平原树林那流水平原树林的感觉像是把亚马逊河流截了个小图丢在这里长着绿草的平原被河流的无数分支分割成一块一块的矮的但是树冠茂盛的一颗颗树木分布着，，不久就到了拉格看着那几个木房子那只被拴着吃草的驴子，，不多话了就第一家丢包烤鞋歇去，，，35块住宿 15块的蛋炒饭 10块的面（70块包住宿晚饭早饭，，后来才知道拉格汗密背崩都这样还有更便宜的）10月7号早上7点半吃了面条出发今天拉格到汗密路程不远晃进树林后发现这里的树真是不可思议的古老直径一两米啊，，，走在路上很有丛林的感觉很多大树倒在路上被人锯掉一截方便过人也有的地方几棵树倒在一起有时候从树下钻过去有时候树面上走有点需要小心的就是那几棵树倒一起的不能钻又不方便直接抬脚上有点高度得爬上去下午3点到了汗密木房子丢下包看到一位边防兵在打电话来之前就知道这里电话长途2块钱一分钟我向老板娘招呼了去房间丢了包洗头洗澡洗衣服烤鞋兵哥哥还在煲电话粥，，，有钱哪，，，边防军人打完电话问俺要边防证俺小心翼翼递上身份证做无辜状解释解释再解释，，，兵哥哥拿着俺的身份证走了，，，，良久送回俺的身份证没说话转身走了俺心里哦耶~~~~ 过老板娘四川人怀着孩子老板出山背日需品去了老板娘一个人在家打打娃娃衣服听听流行歌守着小卖部电话机柴房里有着老板劈的满满一房间柴养着两只猫挺幸福的说，，，， 10月8号今天要从汗密走到背崩还是早上7点半出发预计了前面有蚂蝗山塌方老虎嘴绝望坡，，，脚底生汗因为前天路上便有下雨晚上更是想想也知道蚂蝗正在前头蹦跶得欢快着我穿上准备好的长袜子长过膝盖了嘿嘿...把裤子套在袜子里面章鱼哥也有预计做的准备是短袖短裤，，，因为蚂蝗山章鱼哥决定放慢脚步跟我一块走方便互相查看蚂蝗从一开始的发现蚂蝗激动得想方设法把它弄下去到后来一发现直接两个指头捏住撮一撮弹掉，，，也因为对蚂蝗的麻木我和章鱼哥又倾向了独自行动距离越拉越远时聚时散塌方没见着时挺畏惧见着后发现还是能下脚的遇着一背夫告诫俺天黑前一定要过最后的大塌方后来证实这是忠言哪~~确实大塌方比前边的几个塌方都长老虎嘴路其实已经被拓展得挺宽了不必担心绝望坡那叫一个绝俺从祈祷祈求咒骂到无语，，，，我的右膝盖在石头看到吐的那天栽了肿着下坡那叫一个痛苦这一个接一个的没完没了的上坡下坡折腾惨了我桥看到第一个桥的时候我就激动得血压都上来了这叫终于见着见证群众力量的物什了，，，当终于见到解放大桥的时候虽然知道不准拍照还是忍不住拍了几张开始过桥便见着一位边防军人走向我们过了桥才知道他是帮我们开桥中那扇铁栅门的到桥这头便开始检查先是证件交上俺再次递上身份证做累死狗状苦求+恳切的解释检查包没有任何违禁品检查相机删掉不该拍的安全了放行晚上边防军人到客栈来检查再次登记身份证等等，，，检查相机没脱袜子时看到血印子就知道被咬了脱了之后一看血口子不小看这蚂蝗的吸盘这么大估计不是孙孙我一共被咬3下听老板说现今保持的记录是一个人被咬63下，，，寒颤一个从背崩便不能烤鞋了估计明天得穿着湿鞋子上路沉重那，，，上床喂跳蚤去~~~10月9号虽然昨晚被跳蚤虫子老鼠扰醒很多次早上还是赖到9点才出发从背崩可以坐车去墨脱总共200元一人因为西贡桥断了所以是背崩到西贡桥100过了西贡桥换车100 出发没几步就遇到了两位军人从说话习惯感觉是两位领导问俺那边的路好走不俺说都还好问有没有碰到修路的俺说没有可能是俺走的时候已经修好了。。。原来边防兵都会把不好走的地方修好方便人走兵哥哥们真辛苦每天从背崩巡五六十公里山去印度边境那失踪人了得找人路不好走了得修路，，，一路走来路都宽宽的跟着越野车轮胎印我慢慢的晃向墨脱遇到三个边防兵走得飞快从我身后到身前很快就不见身影了遇到一个又一个背家具的我在猜是不是谁家喜事请亲朋好友邻居帮忙在背新家具他们背东西习惯用头，，，看着挺累遇到一越野车问我要不要顺便搭他的车走我谢绝了继续迈着俺的两条肥腿向着墨脱前进遇到几位包车进墨脱旅游的去了德兴村我望了望德兴村木桥雅鲁藏布江居民房瀑布芭蕉树，，，这些我一路上一直都在看的经过西贡桥的时候我前前后后拍了不少之前在何姐那里便看过了照片得知那个向导就是这里掉下去的当时连接断桥的只有一根木头那位向导走的时候水流量很大水漫过木头有两三厘米他想踩着木头跳过去悲剧是他滑脚了被水流冲走大半个月后在快到印度的江边找到了他的尸体根据背崩那位聊过的兵哥哥说他们找到尸体的时候已经高度浮肿脸都肿成平面了，，一条腿看上去只有皮连着里边全断了全身没有一处好皮被什么给咬了冒着蛆，，，，诶恶寒一个~~~ 过桥时遇着正在搬运拉萨啤酒一箱一箱的运过桥在这边拉萨啤酒随处可见过了桥便涨价墨脱一听5块过了桥就卖10块走在连接断桥的木头上很小心的前后仔细看水流很急石头很多很大推测下向导一掉下去便被冲到石头上当场撞晕了被冲走的，，，现在这里原先只有一根木头的地方加了4根木头左边还加了两根粗竹子做护手算是很安全了终于看到墨脱县城的房子知道那个高处红屋顶的便是墨脱县政府我加快了步子终于踩在了水泥马路上看着两边的路灯我一口一个词的感叹组织啊，，党啊，，人民啊革命终于成功啦！边走边问路边的小卖部有没有冰啤酒顺着马路越往下走发现商店越大后面的都是品种齐全的超市了县城果真是现代化了呀，，，冰啤酒 5块灌了一听就开始找住宿的在一小卖部老板那里了解到这里所有招待所宾馆不管便宜贵的都不可以洗澡洗澡只能去澡堂 15块一次越野车拼车或者几个人一起包车去波密的大部分游客都以为行情是500就500走了其实3、4百就能走我就在路边找了一家说是新开的招待所住下了 50一晚拖鞋吊牌都是我剪的洗澡洗衣，，这一路在汗密墨脱洗了两次衣服都有洗衣机洗不过是双筒的那种可以甩干救生绳被我用来当晾衣绳了因为听说可能会要封路所以不敢在墨脱休整准备明天就出发去波密留了一个越野的电话说是500 早上8点准时出发但是我因为打听到了平时也有不少去波密的车所以其实做了搭顺风车的打算歇好了准备起早上路，，， 10月10号出门看到一个陕西面店进去吃了两肉包像是大的小笼包 1块一个喝了一碗大米粥很稀 1块打包带走了两馒头也是1块一个店里的萝卜丁很好吃我都塞在两馒头被划出的缝缝里事实证明被堵在山上时俺这带了萝卜丁的馒头真是美味啊，，，，在店里吃包子的时候包车的车主就电话给我问我在哪里告诉他我在某某店他说也来吃早饭 8点出发我喝完粥过了8点没见人自己就走了走出店一丁字路问人波密怎么走回答是两边最后会归到一条路通向波密我选了右边的走出没多远有卡车经过我招手不停又有车经过招手，，，，没多久离开那个丁字大概不到100米一老旧白色越野停下我赶紧问是不是去波密答是的我一看前边一中年男司机副驾驶座上一年轻美女穿着像是'淑女屋'风格的外套这感觉好，，，后排座位都堆满了木箱子行李什么的我问能不能顺便栽我去波密司机说了什么我没听懂美女解释他们到前面停下腾出地方给我坐喜~~~~ 看着他们停在了前边我走过去时师傅正在腾后边的行李腾出了一个座位还接过我的包放好指着座位告诉我坐这里，，，好人哪~~~上车聊天，，，原来是父女两姓李四川人呆这边18年了女儿是背崩乡的教师去八一考等级考试的木箱子里面是墨脱县特产的石锅很重一路上很是颠簸堵了几次车这里的路都只能通一辆车遇着对方来车都是小车让大车后退到会车点这一点是共识而且大伙遵守的都挺好因为天气原因今天路况不是很好好几次遇到泥石流塌方什么的车上的男人们便下车修路去，，，在过一个大的塌方时因为泥太深头一个试着通过的车陷进去了花了很长时间才出来过了那个塌方又全体停车让银行押运车先行，，，墨脱县城银行的押运车吇吇~~·跩跩滴啊前后实弹警察护行中间的车全是防弹玻璃露着一不锈钢小圆孔，，，，李李美女惊叹在墨脱住了这么多年第一次见着，，，牛！今天是不可能到达波密了好容易到了80K 决定住下我蹭了车不好意思再蹭吃住吃晚饭时李师傅邀请了两个当地警察吃饭付钱的时候老板娘说165 我没让美女掏钱给了老板娘200老板娘还没有算清帐我有点晕便麻烦美女去算后来看见美女又给了张50 原来住宿费用一起算了总共是235想想李师傅这么辛苦开车出来这样的顺风车搭得我有点不好意思，，，10月11号因为想避免老是遇上堵车李师傅决定凌晨4点出发赶早车少，，，不料还是遇上了大堵车一队运输卡车因为没有预料到山上这么大雪没有带链子不敢走了，，，堵了很久很久美女都不耐的下车走路下山去了我在车上睡觉下午4点多了到达估计15K的时候李师傅车子出问了打不起火了，，汗~~~ 修了半钟头放弃只能找修理工了师傅决定找车让我们两个女孩子先去波密找人上山修车在师傅跟人离开的时候我拦到了一辆大卡美女要守着车便让我一个人先走了留了电话说好到了波密联系貌似李师傅有计划换新车有包车业务去那的驴友们可以联系他李师傅人很好技术钢钢滴~~~李李美女在背崩教书可以直接联系她电话：13618947133 下午6点半终于到了波密大卡师傅把我放下告诉我过了桥左转走下去就是汽车站听说早上六点有去成都的班车所以我直接赶去汽车站附近准备找地儿住下到了汽车站看到黑板上写着三趟班车去成都去八一去昌都，，，去成都的发车时间是下午6点票价500汗~~~刚走不久短信告诉美女我到波密了感谢一番便在波密找地儿住下住在民政宾馆只有间了 120一晚住进去才发现热水不是那么热哆哆嗦嗦的洗头洗澡马桶上贴了条‘小心’ 原来马桶安装不固定，，，汗~~~ 10月12号早上赖了会儿床 9点到汽车站买票售票的说去成都的刚刚卖完了暴汗---- 怎么下午6点的车早上9点票就卖完了，，，！昨晚因为有走在路上搭便车的想法一直走到了最后一家建筑是个加油站我在那里等到九点没有等到车跟一位在这边干修路干了13年的拉萨帅哥聊天了解到这几天在修路晚上11点才通车所以去成都方向的车很少想起拉萨帅哥当时建议过我去邦达机场飞去成都打了电话给机场问到近十天内去成都的机票不紧张可以直接去机场补票我便买了去邦达镇的班车票120元也是下午6点出发坐去昌都的班车，，，，生怕班车提前开下午5点半我就坐到了班车上事实证明我的决定是正确的确实提前开了不过司机是确认过买到票的全到齐了才开车的318国道车子走得又快又稳，，，，堵了几次车后大家开始有聊天我说我去邦达然后有一个小伙子指着另一个小伙子我便问你也是去邦达？他望着我说邦达机场？我喜：你在邦达机场？答不是的在白马镇，，，在聊天中得知从邦达镇去邦达机场还有30公里上山的路，，，我寒，，车子中途堵了挺久后来都是在走盘山公路突然我闻到了一股橡胶烧焦的味道感觉车子在向一边倾斜，，，我猜着车子出问了抱着包口里念叨不要翻车不要翻车，，，有另一个戴眼镜的帅哥问我是不是闻到了什么味道我皱眉瘪嘴点头，，看帅哥穿着西服提着手提看样子出差的，，，聊起来才知道他居然买了一张去成都的车票然后人坐在去昌都的车上，，，原来是朋友帮他订票的时候昌都听成了成都，，，郁闷哪~~~10月13号凌晨3、4点的时候车子停在了八宿一家饭店大伙下车点菜吃饭车子卸了轮胎慢慢修。。。 5点多的时候到了邦达镇我看着外边黑漆漆的不敢下车打算去昌都了，，，天亮了司机看到我问在邦达怎么没有下车我说太黑一个人没敢下车司机也没有说要补票，，，看到山上的小高层建筑便知道昌都到了到了汽车站吃了个面问了面馆老板机票售票处怎么去说是打个的士5块就到到了售票处还没下的士便有一妇女递名片给我原来是包车去机场的 120元一人我还了一句价就说100元她很详细的告诉我这里的航班情况还给表给我填因为这里9点半才上班售票要到11点以后才开始所以我找了旁边一家开了门的店不想在外边冷着，，，进了个馒头店美女老板娘正在烙饼河南的俺买了馒头和美女老板娘聊着天了解到这边都这样这些包车去机场的都是这样做生意的坐他的车去机场他可以帮忙买机票价格也确实是这样不过我因为一个人刚来这边还是没敢把钱给别人帮我去买机票自己辛苦点等了痛苦的事情来了排队买票一开始说去成都的机票不紧张不用排队后来突然出现了担架旅客大家开始了紧张的排队抢票不到10点就站好在柜台前售票美女接到电话飞机降落了，，，11点正式开始售票先是订了票的拉萨旅客然后没预定的拉萨旅客接着才开始预定了的成都旅客眼看着轮到我这个没有预定的成都旅客突然插入担架旅客，，，12点多了美女还没有喊出‘没有订的成都的’，，，后边的便开始拥挤我站在第一个左边一位妇女搂着我的腰霸占左1号右边一位穿藏袍的大哥占地面积不小最狠的是我后面的一位穿着喇嘛衣服的男的从1钟头前就趴我背上把我挤向柜台内脏都挤缩水了，，，终于拿到机票 900元明天9点15 飞往成都就近住进了一招待所 50元一晚立马歇了睡~ 10月14号凌晨5点车主电话5点半出发来招待所接，，准备好了上车去机场坐在车上睡着觉慢慢慢慢就感觉越来越冷迷迷糊糊把冲锋衣拉链拉上又拢了拢帽子实在冷得不好睡往窗外一看白茫茫一片又在上山，，，快8点了，我看到了被称为“世界上海拔最高”、“世界上离市区最远”、“世界上气候最恶劣”的邦达机场飞机晚点1个半钟头这个机场每天两趟国航一个飞去拉萨一个飞去成都这样也晚点，，不容易在飞机上看着下面白云背后偶尔露出的绵延起伏的雪山心想着不知道哪一座是我翻过的多雄拉哪又是噶隆拉，，，以往的任何一次旅行都没有这次留给我体会到的深刻那些虔诚的长拜那些游牧式生活的人在暮霭中在帐篷前围着篝火谈笑不远处空地上还是一如既往的长拜，，这次旅行其实路途中发生了一些事情本想都写上冷静了一天后还是决定那些事情留给自己体味大家能在这篇帖子上得到各自想要知道的便好了。 10月6号早上何姐帮忙问了车子没人走只有我和另一个上海男生两个人走墨脱所以没有翻斗车去松林口上海的章鱼哥走得比我快在松林口之前我们就开始各走各的了一路上都是石头慢慢的就开始看到雪了然后遇到了返回的背夫问问还有多远，，继续走恰好在1点半走过山口走着走着突然发现找不着路了左看右看都不像有路，，，想想找了一高点爬上去往下一看一二十米下的地方看到了路想想不去找路了那是一个苔藓长满石头的小山包苔藓我看长得挺长的应该不滑了就直接下吧下到路上心踏实了一路下山都是石头不小心的脚脖子还是扭了很多下（穿的低帮鞋) 快到拉格的时候突然发现高山流水平原树林那流水平原树林的感觉像是把亚马逊河流截了个小图丢在这里长着绿草的平原被河流的无数分支分割成一块一块的矮的但是树冠茂盛的一颗颗树木分布着，，不久就到了拉格看着那几个木房子那只被拴着吃草的驴子，，不多话了就第一家丢包烤鞋歇去，，，35块住宿 15块的蛋炒饭 10块的面（70块包住宿晚饭早饭，，后来才知道拉格汗密背崩都这样还有更便宜的）前往拉萨路上风景也很迷人，，，昨晚刚到家没有整理好就激动的发帖来了稍等啊，，，走在去松林口的路上回望派镇多雄拉山口，，，，俺从这小山包直下了半腰上回头拍一张，，，在这里俺不小心栽了一下幸亏及时牺牲手臂硬生生撞向岩石没栽下去，，，晚上掀开衣服肿老高的——— 高山流水平原树林可惜没拍出来，，， 10月7号早上7点半吃了面条出发今天拉格到汗密路程不远晃进树林后发现这里的树真是不可思议的古老直径一两米啊，，，走在路上很有丛林的感觉很多大树倒在路上被人锯掉一截方便过人也有的地方几棵树倒在一起有时候从树下钻过去有时候树面上走有点需要小心的就是那几棵树倒一起的不能钻又不方便直接抬脚上有点高度得爬上去下午3点到了汗密木房子丢下包看到一位边防兵在打电话来之前就知道这里电话长途2块钱一分钟我向老板娘招呼了去房间丢了包洗头洗澡洗衣服烤鞋兵哥哥还在煲电话粥，，，有钱哪，，，边防军人打完电话问俺要边防证俺小心翼翼递上身份证做无辜状解释解释再解释，，，兵哥哥拿着俺的身份证走了，，，，良久送回俺的身份证没说话转身走了俺心里哦耶~~~~ 过老板娘四川人怀着孩子老板出山背日需品去了老板娘一个人在家打打娃娃衣服听听流行歌守着小卖部电话机柴房里有着老板劈的满满一房间柴养着两只猫挺幸福的说，，，， 10月8号今天要从汗密走到背崩还是早上7点半出发预计了前面有蚂蝗山塌方老虎嘴绝望坡，，，脚底生汗因为前天路上便有下雨晚上更是想想也知道蚂蝗正在前头蹦跶得欢快着我穿上准备好的长袜子长过膝盖了嘿嘿...把裤子套在袜子里面章鱼哥也有预计做的准备是短袖短裤，，，因为蚂蝗山章鱼哥决定放慢脚步跟我一块走方便互相查看蚂蝗从一开始的发现蚂蝗激动得想方设法把它弄下去到后来一发现直接两个指头捏住撮一撮弹掉，，，也因为对蚂蝗的麻木我和章鱼哥又倾向了独自行动距离越拉越远时聚时散塌方没见着时挺畏惧见着后发现还是能下脚的遇着一背夫告诫俺天黑前一定要过最后的大塌方后来证实这是忠言哪~~确实大塌方比前边的几个塌方都长老虎嘴路其实已经被拓展得挺宽了不必担心绝望坡那叫一个绝俺从祈祷祈求咒骂到无语，，，，我的右膝盖在石头看到吐的那天栽了肿着下坡那叫一个痛苦这一个接一个的没完没了的上坡下坡折腾惨了我桥看到第一个桥的时候我就激动得血压都上来了这叫终于见着见证群众力量的物什了，，，当终于见到解放大桥的时候虽然知道不准拍照还是忍不住拍了几张开始过桥便见着一位边防军人走向我们过了桥才知道他是帮我们开桥中那扇铁栅门的到桥这头便开始检查先是证件交上俺再次递上身份证做累死狗状苦求+恳切的解释检查包没有任何违禁品检查相机删掉不该拍的安全了放行晚上边防军人到客栈来检查再次登记身份证等等，，，检查相机没脱袜子时看到血印子就知道被咬了脱了之后一看血口子不小看这蚂蝗的吸盘这么大估计不是孙孙我一共被咬3下听老板说现今保持的记录是一个人被咬63下，，，寒颤一个从背崩便不能烤鞋了估计明天得穿着湿鞋子上路沉重那，，，上床喂跳蚤去~~~ 仔细看那叶子上有两条蚂蝗看不清楚的复制了放大看吧呵呵，，你经过这些树叶的时候蚂蝗就跑到你鞋子上了然后以你料想不到的速度往上爬（别看蚂蝗没脚跑的挺快的，，，）这样的树叶高度在你身体哪它就粘你哪，，，寒颤一个我肩膀上就拉下来一条吸得正过瘾的胖蚂蝗..... 塌方，，，小心点都能过的老虎嘴，，，路加宽了，，有的地方还是要小心看见桥了激动~~ 遇上的马帮，，他们一队人马有男有女有马有骡子，，，男的一般腰上都挂着一把刀我不敢直接拍他们脸。。。（我挺怕人的~~~）大塌方走在中间拍拍。。。看到雅鲁藏布江了脏水的那个就是，，，，大家都对怂人的有些建议俺发完就改去，，，其实俺就怂点俺很怕死的因为听了何姐说十月1、2号去了一大批人马估计五六十人所以我一路上会碰到很多返回的背夫所以俺才敢一个人也上路再着还有章鱼哥在俺前头走着有安全感俺还是山里出来的娃，，那种只能下一脚的路俺小时候走得不少哇，，，， 10月9号虽然昨晚被跳蚤虫子老鼠扰醒很多次早上还是赖到9点才出发从背崩可以坐车去墨脱总共200元一人因为西贡桥断了所以是背崩到西贡桥100过了西贡桥换车100 出发没几步就遇到了两位军人从说话习惯感觉是两位领导问俺那边的路好走不俺说都还好问有没有碰到修路的俺说没有可能是俺走的时候已经修好了。。。原来边防兵都会把不好走的地方修好方便人走兵哥哥们真辛苦每天从背崩巡五六十公里山去印度边境那失踪人了得找人路不好走了得修路，，，一路走来路都宽宽的跟着越野车轮胎印我慢慢的晃向墨脱遇到三个边防兵走得飞快从我身后到身前很快就不见身影了遇到一个又一个背家具的我在猜是不是谁家喜事请亲朋好友邻居帮忙在背新家具他们背东西习惯用头，，，看着挺累遇到一越野车问我要不要顺便搭他的车走我谢绝了继续迈着俺的两条肥腿向着墨脱前进遇到几位包车进墨脱旅游的去了德兴村我望了望德兴村木桥雅鲁藏布江居民房瀑布芭蕉树，，，这些我一路上一直都在看的经过西贡桥的时候我前前后后拍了不少之前在何姐那里便看过了照片得知那个向导就是这里掉下去的当时连接断桥的只有一根木头那位向导走的时候水流量很大水漫过木头有两三厘米他想踩着木头跳过去悲剧是他滑脚了被水流冲走大半个月后在快到印度的江边找到了他的尸体根据背崩那位聊过的兵哥哥说他们找到尸体的时候已经高度浮肿脸都肿成平面了，，一条腿看上去只有皮连着里边全断了全身没有一处好皮被什么给咬了冒着蛆，，，，诶恶寒一个~~~ 过桥时遇着正在搬运拉萨啤酒一箱一箱的运过桥在这边拉萨啤酒随处可见过了桥便涨价墨脱一听5块过了桥就卖10块走在连接断桥的木头上很小心的前后仔细看水流很急石头很多很大推测下向导一掉下去便被冲到石头上当场撞晕了被冲走的，，，现在这里原先只有一根木头的地方加了4根木头左边还加了两根粗竹子做护手算是很安全了终于看到墨脱县城的房子知道那个高处红屋顶的便是墨脱县政府我加快了步子终于踩在了水泥马路上看着两边的路灯我一口一个词的感叹组织啊，，党啊，，人民啊革命终于成功啦！边走边问路边的小卖部有没有冰啤酒顺着马路越往下走发现商店越大后面的都是品种齐全的超市了县城果真是现代化了呀，，，冰啤酒 5块灌了一听就开始找住宿的在一小卖部老板那里了解到这里所有招待所宾馆不管便宜贵的都不可以洗澡洗澡只能去澡堂 15块一次越野车拼车或者几个人一起包车去波密的大部分游客都以为行情是500就500走了其实3、4百就能走我就在路边找了一家说是新开的招待所住下了 50一晚拖鞋吊牌都是我剪的洗澡洗衣，，这一路在汗密墨脱洗了两次衣服都有洗衣机洗不过是双筒的那种可以甩干救生绳被我用来当晾衣绳了因为听说可能会要封路所以不敢在墨脱休整准备明天就出发去波密留了一个越野的电话说是500 早上8点准时出发但是我因为打听到了平时也有不少去波密的车所以其实做了搭顺风车的打算歇好了准备起早上路，，，背崩乡，，，西贡桥 ([]

黄色视频在线观看2022

林郁萍

四川康定贡嘎山各种形式的穿越无可置疑的是国内徒步爱好者最喜爱的路线之一。它以沿线众多气势雄伟的山脉，连续不断的各种高山景色而著称。我早就为之所动，几年前曾花了近一年的时间在8264收集资料和作线路的准备，并在2011年的6月初作了我第一次的穿越尝试。但最后因高反等原因而未能成功。我为之非常的后悔和懊恼。这个情结一直在我的心上。今年的早些时候，我又萌发了去四川西部背包徒步的念头，实际上是个更大徒步计划中的一个阶段。我因此从国外带回几乎所有的背包徒步行装，并花费了相当的时间作线路上的准备。我于2014年6月25日至7月3日完成了四川康定贡嘎山的单人背包徒步穿越，没有借助向导人员和马匹。这条步行的线路为康定县城>榆林村>;日乌且沟>上日乌且垭口>莫溪沟>;下次梅村>草科村。全程距离大约为100公里。除了一整天在下次梅村的村民忠一家的休整外，其间共用时七天半的时间。徒步期间天气的基本特征为每天都有降雨，没有固定的时间，时早时晚；而且我感觉在白天里比几年前的那次徒步更频繁。从老榆林村至下次梅村，加上巴望海以东几公里均为人畜小道，令我有点吃惊，尽管每天有不少的降雨，但路面却相当的硬实；偶尔出现的泥潭稍微绕道就能解决。至于沿途的水源和涉水过溪的细节，我将在每天的纪实里更详细地说明。我的背包徒步线路和每天的营地或住地。我在2014年6月23日下午5点多钟搭乘去四川成都的火车。我从南京站出发，第二天中午就到了成都站。我出了成都站后，赶紧往附近不远处的成都城北汽车中心走去，想购买12点钟去康定的班车。幸运的很，车站仍然有余票。国道G318与往常一样，因修筑隧道，在这些地方车辆只能单向行驶，堵车耗时很利害，确又无能为力。这样我又花上了10个小时，在下着大雨的夜里来到了康定县城。我随即在康定县城的哈达客栈住下。在去康定县城途中的路旁。第一天 2014年6月25日起点康定城哈达客栈，海拔高度2554m (手表读数8380')启程时间 945 AM终点格西草原，海拔高度3572m (手表读数11720')扎营时间 445 PM当日行程 20公里(+/-)天气白天多云到晴，夜里小雨~中雨。我的背包徒步线路和每天的营地或住地。我昨晚在康定县城的哈达客栈住下，12点钟以后才休息。我早上6点多钟起来，明显休息得不够。我有意再在康定呆上一天，以消除旅途的疲劳和适应高原的海拔高度，但一早起来看见天空出现的蓝天，不禁改变了念头，决定慢慢地走，去更高的海拔进行调整。既然决定今天上路，就赶紧去超市买一些食品，后来证明是多余的，不过最后都送给见到的藏族同胞了。雨季里的河流水位暴涨，急冲而下，势不可挡。不得不承认，现代的工业能力使得其附近的人类文明得以长期地保存。康定县城依旧很漂亮。虽然有很多现代化的建筑，和外来文化的展露影响，但它在很多方面都非常体现出藏族文化的特色和风格。这个城市的格局，气候，海拔，四周的群山及人文等，一直都是我的喜爱。康定市区中心的街道，广场是我每次必去的地方。对我来说，两次来去匆匆，这里的一切都尚未仔细地探索，觉得很新奇，不知何时才能消除这样的感觉。简短的购物完毕后，在回客栈的路上，抓紧留下一些更多对康定的记忆。我以前没有注意到桥上的一组雕塑。它们具有历史上汉藏民族交流的主思想。此时相对于我夏季每天开始徒步的时间已经很晚了。我知道今天的路还很长，不敢多久留，赶紧回到了哈达客栈，吃了早饭，打点好行装，踏上了去贡嘎山的经典穿越。与我在8264所了解许多徒步朋友的做法不同，我从县城里开始步行，而不是从老榆林村的水电站开始。所以这增添了大概15公里的路途。但从缓慢地适应高海拔的意义上讲，我认为是还有益处的，同时又能省下单人包车的费用。国道G318公路进出康定城的这座桥梁是乎是城郊的分界点。看着天空的乌云，心里开始有点疑惑，毕竟是在雨季里。在刚才走过的右手路边上，碰见了一位昨天一起从成都搭车来这里的藏族同胞。在我打招呼后，他也认出了我来，显得非常的友善。我们彼此相互寒喧，握手道别。离开了国道G318后，转上了去康定新城的岔道。我实在被路边正在修建的大型建筑所震惊，到处都是建筑工地。这一带可能是最后一片开发地区。我不是专家，但一直在思考在这多地震的川西地区，从安全角度来讲，修建高层建筑是否恰当。可能我的顾虑为多余的。与上次来这里一样，人们依然在路边放养马匹，但牦牛已经看不见了。显然动物数量上的减少意味着它们的生活环境的减小，和人类的开发活动的加大。此时道路坡度增加，我能感觉到我的行走速度开始有些缓慢，心里明白我的高反已经开始。不过从康定出来的行走是个慢慢的适应高海拔的过程。我的时间还算比较充裕，即使旅途的劳累还没有消除，只要不下大雨，今天走到预订的营地，格西草原应该没有问。虽然四周的景色依然不错，但这一带的土地开发规模却十分的惊人。康定的确是个居住生活的好地方。希望开发者在完成其项目后，尽量地将环境还原其本色。道路两旁的景色很漂亮，不过在天气晴朗的大道上行走的确有些乏味，尤其是日晒皮肤的感觉也来了。我的腿部和手部的晒伤就是从此时开始的。我十分缺智地假设川西雨季的白天以乌云天气为主，即使是出太阳，也为短时间的，紫外线对皮肤的伤害影响不大。所以在启程前的一两天，我决定不携带手套，和通常在这种情况下穿的帖身长内裤。幸好带着条两节速干裤，等到明天扎营时发现自己的双腿晒伤后，便赶紧穿上了。康定新城里的非常具有藏族特色的建筑。回望康定县城。很多东西现在都在脚下了。环绕它四周的群山此时看得更加清楚。对生活在丘陵地带的我来说，这样的市镇座落是个很大的惊奇。而左手的山腰上的G318的交通清晰可见。我试着去辨认昨晚在哈达客栈结识的几个骑车去拉萨的年轻人，但根本做不到，只希望他们平安走运。康定新城的生活区旁一组反映当年汉藏贸易交往的历史人物的塑像，应该是茶马古道上的各种生活细节。这俩兄弟的形像挺逼真的，很有色彩。不小的队伍。好象比实物都大不少，蛮生动的。那石头上刻的字，"西出炉关"; 不知意味着是否当年的茶马古道在此结束，再往西就纯粹是藏区了。康定新城的生活区。我在这分岔路口向几个过路人确认了去老榆林村的路。天热，口真渴，但带出来的两升水每时还必须谨慎地控制，不敢多喝。人的皮肤感到太阳的火辣，平时不太注意的我，尽找阴凉的地方走，但我还没有意识到皮肤实际上已经开始受伤了。在回头朝康定县城方向看去。它已在山粱的背后了。可能是最后能国道G318的地方。还是想说，特喜欢这个被群山环抱的新城。高山前的康巴大酒店，很有异域的风格和特色。其色彩与背景天空调和得那么粉彩绚丽。想不到来自远方的宗教在这里偏僻的地方居然能够出现。这也充分体现了现在国家对宗教存在的容忍和民众信仰的多样化。又是一个密集的居民区和商业点。其附近还有一些政府的机构。这里是康定新城的边缘。我估量着该是午饭的时间，便坐在图片最左边楼前的路旁用餐。好奇的人过来问我的情况。我如实回答他们。我知道今天的饮水很多，便向一家作街门销售的老板们讨水。他们爽快的答应了我，确实给我补充了很多的水。要不然再往前走几十米就出康定新城，以后向藏族老乡讨水就更难了。所以以后若再重复这里过程的话，考虑到天气，气温，和防止高反用水，我至少要带3升水。从国道G318分岔到去新城的路上后大部分为国家机构，店几乎没有。只有新城生活区里沿途才有几家便利店。我非常感谢给我水的老板夫妇。当然出城后也可以去沿途村里的小卖部买水或向老乡讨水。虽然不如上次见到的人多，我一路还是碰见了好几位老乡，非常的好，肯定会帮助解决水的问的。沿途的乡村景色。沿途的乡村景色。可喜地看到当地的居民也种植一些农作物，以补充食物的来源。嗨，居然还有车站。我想可能是连接榆林村与康定市区的班车。当然还有小卖部，但我没有上前探询，不知是否营业。路边景色第一次提醒我今后的几天里我所大概要见到的。路上遇见一位才从山里干完活回家的藏族妇女。她很健谈，汉语也说得很好。我们一路聊了好一会儿，直到她到图片里的这个家，还邀请我有空去"耍耍"，用的词汇居然与中原地区的方言一样! 非常朴实真诚的藏族村民!背景为日乌且沟东侧的一座大山。去海螺沟的公路就在它前面的山脚下。我有遇见了一群在地里干活的村民，很多是妇女。在他们朝我看来的时候，我首先高喊"扎西德勒"! 他们也相对地回应了我，随后一阵笑声。他们对外人很是友好。我心里感到若遇上什么困难，他们一定会尽力帮助我的，事实上以后的经历也证明了这点。([]

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